Empowering Hiv Infected Mothers - 2105 Words

Empowering HIV-Infected Mothers In religion, stigma is a word that has always held a significant cultural impact in human rights throughout history, in particular a significantly discriminating effect. However, in the last century we have globally experienced cultural shifts that have redefined the word to a more general sense. Simply type in the word â€Å"stigma† on any search engine on the web and phrases such as â€Å"mark of shame† and â€Å"negative† or â€Å"unfair† are common terms to describe it. So why do I bring this word to your attention? Stigma is a word that correlates to pain, and suffering and that is one of the most influential aspects of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, better known as HIV. To those living in developing countries with little-to-no access for proper care, the word stigma is more than just a term, but rather a way of bringing humiliation and alienating those affected by the virus. According to the United Nation’s Article I of the Universal Declar ation of Human Rights: â€Å"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.† Reading this, I cannot help but wonder how frequently this right is violated throughout third world nations suffering from health and economic crises, such as those highly affected by HIV in the Sub-Saharan region of Africa. In the following study, I will illustrate the issues of rights, representation, inequality,Show MoreRelatedessay on hiv-aids1669 Words   |  7 Pages2000 words essay on: HIV-AIDS AIDS, The full form is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is caused by a virus called HIV (Human Immune Deficiency Virus). It is a condition in which the built in defence system of the body breaks down completely. This phenomenon is gradual but ultimately leads to total depletion of a very important cell component of the immune mechanism. Thus those who are affected are unable to combat with common diseases including even mildRead MoreHow is HIV/AIDS in Uganda Connected to Social Justice? Essays985 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is HIV? HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus which is a virus that attacks the human immune system. Once the body is unable to continue fighting the infection, the disease is more severe and known as AIDS. It usually takes more than 10 years to progress from the HIV virus to AIDS which is a deadly disease that has killed over than 25 million people around the world. HIV can be transmitted between people many different ways. Any kind of unprotected sexual intercourse is a very commonRead MoreHealth Trade And Human Rights Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pagesof this book is to the good health of the public and preserve their equality and rights as describe in the first world. In favour to health he describe the very wide range of issues, including health advancement, care trade law and diseases like HIV/AIDS, the implementation of medical professionals in the treatment of prisoners during armed conflicts, medical experimentation involving human subjects. Mainly the author focusing ethics of humans, illuminate the responsibility towards ourselves andRead MoreEducation, Poor Health Care Services, And Lack Of Modern Technology1626 Words   |  7 Pagesresearched and are well recognized in research studies. However, upon further investigation, HIV/AIDS epidemics, especially in Africa, indicates an unclear alliance between general learning and health education. While general literacy is an important element of good health, it is not sufficient to address the major health challenges facing developing and developed civilizations (Kickbusch). AIDS in Africa has infected roughly 25 million people and is a disease of poverty and lack of education and unattainableRead MoreHiv / Aids : A Devastating Disease1482 Words   |  6 PagesHIV/AIDS is a devastating disease that has predominated in Africa due to the long incubation period of the virus, poverty, sexual promiscuousness, urbanization, trading routes, lack of knowledge, medical advances (use of needles, blood transfusion), and gender inequalities. Although the government denied the existence of HIV/ AIDS for many years, they have begun working towards various solutions such as the ABC (Abstinence, Be faithful, and Condom use) method and United States initiatives like PEPFARRead MoreReduction Of Stds And Hiv Essay2038 Words   |  9 Pagesof STDs and HIV in Adolescent Women An Analysis of the Reduction Program: Sisters Saving Sisters Ashley Reid CPH 330: Human Sexuality Dr. Mary Koss THE PROBLEM The aim of the intervention program Sisters Saving Sisters (SSS) is to help prevent and reduce HIV and other STDs rates in young African American and Hispanic women. Sisters Saving Sisters aims to reduce the overall number of sexual partners adolescent women have to decrease their risk of contracting HIV or other STDsRead MoreHIV/AIDS acquisition is at an all-time high in today’s society, especially for women in hidden or2000 Words   |  8 Pages HIV/AIDS acquisition is at an all-time high in today’s society, especially for women in hidden or illegal activities, such as drug-use and sex work (Beard et al. 2010). As a result of their hidden lifestyles, their children are at increased risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), especially due to the stigma surrounding the disease, keeping women from seeking services that could help both them and their children (Beard et al. 2010). The following paper explores theRead MoreDoes Gender Play A R ole? Hiv / Aids?2536 Words   |  11 PagesDoes Gender Play a Role in HIV/AIDS? When AIDS made its debut in the early 80s, societies branded it as a disease that infected homosexuals and/or IV drug abusers. People often confused HIV with AIDS. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that infects a person, and if left untreated leads to the fatal disease AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). However, over the last 35 years, we have learned that, in reality, AIDS does not discriminate against sexual orientation, drug addictionsRead MoreUnsafe Sex Practice3833 Words   |  16 PagesUnsafe sex or unprotected sex describes sexual contact of any form that takes place in the absence of a condom normally used in preventing the risk of sexually transmitted infections and HIV (Chambers, 2010). The World Health Organisation (2004) considers all the consequences that can arise from unsafe sex practice and came up with a broader definition stating that any sexual contact that can lead to unwanted pregnancy, abortion, infertility, unstable mental conditions and cancer arising from certainRead MoreDiscuss the Importance of Non Verbal Communication to Education24125 Words   |  97 Pages------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form IFAD strategy paper on HIV/AIDS for East and Southern Africa IFAD strategy paper on HIV/AIDS for East and Southern Africa A. Assessing the Impact of HIV/AIDS on IFAD-Supported Projects 34. This section looks at the relevance of HIV/AIDS to agricultural and rural development projects, considering the vulnerability of project target groups and IFAD project staff and their families to HIV/AIDS; the reduced project implementation capacity resulting from the

The Scientific Evolution And The Victorian Christians Essay

The Scientific Evolution and The Victorian Christians In regards to Judaeo Christian religion, for many years’ people believed that the creation of the earth had taken place in 4004BC. Nigel Scotland, a senior lecturer in The Faculty of Arts in St. Paul and St. Mary, Cheltenham College wrote in his article, Darwin and Doubt and the Response of the Victorian Churches, â€Å"Up until the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the church held the Bible to speak authoritatively on all matters in which determined the relationship between God and man† and how man was to deal with all living things on the earth (Scotland 1). Also, â€Å"the bible remarks all that takes place on the earth was a result, in God’s divine powers† (Scotland 1), without providing proper explanation for all that has happened; However, all that started to change during the Victorian Era, as many people began to doubt Christianity and the Biblical scriptures (Scotland 1). One of the main reasons for this doubt to burst to the surface was because of new scientific discoveries. In particular, in1859, during the time Charles Darwin published his book â€Å"The Origin Of Species by Means of Natural Selection Of the Preservation Of Favored Races In the Struggle For Life.† Charles Darwin’s book caused a mass evolution in scientific theory. His theories challenged long held religious teachings and beliefs, which caused a major backlash from the Victorian churches and religious believers (Scotland 3). The three mainShow MoreRelatedEssay about Dracula vs Van Helsing958 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish Victorian era context, where gender roles were repressed and science and religion had a conflicting relationship. Van Helsing (Stephen Summers) is a contemporary reproduction which demonstrates the same concepts and concerns that have endured but evolved, and so they have been represented for the modern day audience. The evolution of the concern of Gender roles and the idea of the new woman is very obvious throu gh the comparison this essay will make between the conservative Victorian era MinaRead MoreMargaret Sanger s The Argument For Teenage Mothers And Abstinent Couples1505 Words   |  7 Pagesattitude of the female youth changed dramatically regarding the rules of engagement and the way in which interactions with male counterparts were gauged. Postmodern women were governed by Victorian ideals, which inferred purity through absolute abstinence outside the boundaries of marriage. The role of the Victorian inspired woman was to stay home and raise children and attend to domestic duties while husbands worked to provide for the family. The â€Å"new woman† however, subscribed to a new set of idealsRead MoreChristianity And The Biblical Scriptures Essay1759 Words   |  8 PagesIn regards to Judaeo Christian religion, for many years’ people believed that the creation of the earth had taken place in 4004BC. Nigel Scotland, a senior lecturer in The Faculty of Arts in St. Paul and St. Mary, Cheltenham College wrote in his article, Darwin and Doubt and the Response of the Victorian Churches, â€Å"Up until the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the church held the Bible to speak authoritatively on all matters in wh ich determined the relationship between God and man† andRead MoreSpirituality in the Victorian Era Essay1409 Words   |  6 Pages This essay will show why interest in the occult manifested in the Victorian Era and the ways in which it did. The word ‘occult’ is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as; ‘Not apprehended, or not apprehensible, by the mind; beyond ordinary understanding or knowledge; abstruse, mysterious; inexplicable.’ And it is with this definition that we will gain an understanding of the Victorians interest in occultism, and the very different ways in which these interests were shared by female spiritualistsRead MoreDark Matters During Victorian Britain1333 Words   |  6 PagesHaley Hummel Mrs. Calo HFE-- Period 7 13 November 2015 Dark Matters in Victorian Britain Some people regard the Victorian Era as a wondrous period of time in which there were only grand balls, silk hoop skirts, and lots of money. This is not the case. Although the British were in the beginning of an Industrial Age, and well into a period of peace and prosperity, there were still many problems with society. They were coming to realize strict morality, and political/societal reform with their acquisitionsRead More Satirical Social Construct Theories in Carolls Wonderland Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pages The Victorian Era held many common beliefs that contrast to everything modern society holds as true.These beliefs ecompassed such areas as social theory, class differences, racial prejudices, the effect of capitalism in society, and the role and extent of education Lewis Carroll challenges and satirizes these social constructs in his novels Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass by the use of fantasy characters and settings. He confronts the reader indirectly thr ough Alice; as the fantasyRead MoreIn In Memoriam Essay1951 Words   |  8 Pagesconfusion about religion and new discoveries in science. Charles Darwin wrote The Origin of Species, which had many theories of evolution which include, the survival of the fittest and natural selection. These scientific developments characterized the Victorian age and confused the foundation of the Christian faith among people. The stories of the bible conflicted with the scientific facts and the people could no longer accept many of the things that the bible once said. There are many sections of the poemRead MoreFrankenstein Application Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesShelley’s creature was very much like a child, a blank canvas either nurtured or left to the wilds of nature. Is it science and the desire of mankind to control nature that is the driving factor? The answer lies in the climate fostered in Victorian England. It was one of unparalleled progress due to exploding industrialization of cities with modern factories, production processes, and advanced engineering. This exciting era also brought momentous discoveries in Geology, Astronomy, and theRead More Biblical Allusions in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesCharlotte Brontes Jane Eyre. Brought up by an Anglican minister, Bronte understood the Bible as an authoritative text upon which many members of Victorian society guided their lives. As a result of this religious training, Bronte inserted references into her stories, giving her characters a richer existence. Bible reading was also a large part of Victorian society, assuring Bronte that her audience could understand and appreciate the different allusions she used in Jane Eyre. Historian Hugh McLeodRead More Alfred Tennyson, Charles Darwin, Charles Lyell, and Essay3238 Words   |  13 Pageswith Arthur Henry Hallam, who was the son of a well known historian. Hallam encouraged and inspired Tennyson to write. Hallam died in 1833. Tennyson published poems in 1842 which proved to be a great success and secured his position as the foremost Victorian Poet. The year 1850 was important to Tennyson for two reasons: his marriage to Emily Sellwood and the publication of In Memoriam , his great elegy to Arthur Hallam. In Memoriam’ was merely a verification of some of the books that Tennyson had

Non Political Revolutions free essay sample

What is a revolution? A revolution is a call for change. Not all revolutions have been about government, meaning that they were not about going to war to change a government. Some revolutions were for economic, intellectual and social changes. Two of these revolutions were the Industrial Revolution and The Commercial Revolution. Both of these revolutions have brought many changes to their societies. The industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 1700s. Before the industrial revolution people worked from home using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization introduced special purpose machinery, factories and mass production. These machines would make it possible for products to be done faster and in greater amounts. These factories were built in cities. The people that liven in the country side saw a better way of living in the cities after the industrial revolution, this led to urbanization. This revolution raised the standard of living for many people, mostly for the middle and upper classes. We will write a custom essay sample on Non Political Revolutions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, life for the poor and working classes was still very challenging. Most of the time wages for the people that worked were low and the working conditions were poor. Industrialization also took away jobs for some people. Some craftspeople were replaces by machines. Because of so many people arriving from the country side urban and industrialized areas became overcrowded and polluted making diseases way easier to spread and catch. The Commercial Revolution was a period of European economic expansion, colonialism and mercantilism which lasted from the 16th century until the early 18th century. The Commercial Revolution increased trade and price inflation which led to the creation of new working class. The commercial Revolution also led to what is called the Colombian exchange, in which animals, plants an diseases were transported between the old world to the new world. The Commercial revolution led to the discovery of the new world which had many exotic products that the Europeans wanted like gold and silver. The excessive trade of gold and silver caused economic growth in Europe and that’s when banks and credit facilities were built. The commercial revolution also had negative impacts such as price inflations which was bad for poor people because even though they were the one that worked the most in farming and everything else they were still not able to afford the high prices on products. This created a bigger gap between the rich and poor people. Non political revolutions, just like political revolutions have had many impacts on their society. Both the commercial revolution and the industrial revolution gave their societies a better way of living and new chances to develop new ways to make money. Most of these improvements and developments are still used in the modern world such as trades and factories.

INTRODUCTION Essays (2532 words) - Criminal Law,

INTRODUCTION In recent years, in Canada, we have seen a gradual reduction in the crime-rate. However, every day on the radio and on TV, we see and hear of another armed robbery, another sexual assault, another drug bust, or another brutal murder. This is scary because it affects us all. We are all potential victims; we are all susceptible to these horrible crimes. Even scarier is that more and more of these crimes, the violent ones, involve young offenders. We are hearing more and more about young offenders, youth between the ages of twelve and eighteen, who are stabbing people on school grounds, sexually assaulting others, and murdering their peers. Recently, we heard the story of a young boy, only six years old, who murdered a fellow classmate in a Michigan elementary school. A few years ago, we heard of the two young boys in England who murdered a boy who was under the age of three years. The dealing of narcotics on the school ground, be it elementary or high school, is increasing. Gradually, it seems that people from every age group are becoming victims, and people from every age group are becoming offenders. Because of space limitations, this paper will deal only with a few young offenders issues. In addition, only a few aspects of the Young Offenders Act will be dealt with. LEGISLATION The Young Offenders Act is the federal law for young people charged with crimes. Prior to April 2, 1984, the Young Offenders Act did not exist in Canada. Instead, the Juvenile Delinquents Act (which had been used since 1908) was used to deal with young offenders. The main philosophy of this latter Act was to deal with the welfare of the child. In April 1984, the Young Offenders Act was enacted and one of the major changes that took place was in the philosophy used to deal with young offenders. The Young Offenders Act recognizes that in some situations, a young offender may be deemed (by the trial judge) to be beyond rehabilitation, and a lengthy period of incarceration may result, as opposed to further attempts to rehabilitate. Therefore, the Young Offenders Act deals not only with the welfare of the child, but also, with the welfare of society. Thus, with the change in approach, from the old legislation to the new, it can be argued that it is now easier to imprison a young offender, and for longer periods of time. The Crown Prosecutor must only convince the trial judge that it would be in the best interests of society and that there is no other alternative way of dealing with the young offender. And, of course, a young offender is subject to longer periods of imprisonment if tried in adult court, as opposed to being tried in youth court. For children who are under the age of twelve years, an offense is dealt with under the provinces child welfare laws. Under the former Juvenile Delinquents Act, only children under seven were considered too young to be held criminally responsible for their actions. The Young Offenders Act does not apply to offenses involving provincial statutes, such as driving without a license, hunting out of season, drinking liquor while underage, and speeding. AN ALTERNATIVE TO COURT Not all young offenders who commit an offense wind up in court. If a young person has never before been in trouble with the law, a chance to participate in an Alternative Measures program may be considered, rather than a charge being laid and the young offender having to deal with it in court. The young person must accept responsibility for the offense that has been committed and be prepared to make up for the harm caused. As one example of an Alternative Measures program, a young offender might be required to attend an educational program to gain a better understanding of the wrong doing and how it has affected others. In the alternative, he/she might agree to perform community service. Frequently, as part of an Alternative Measures resolution, a young offender will be ordered to apologize to the victim and possibly do some work, such as raking leaves or shoveling snow, for the victim. COURT DISPOSITIONS There are numerous sentencing choices open to youth court judges, following a guilty plea by